Sciences-Lab

1

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is the process of keeping the internal environment of the body constant, despite changes in the external environment.

Homeostasis

2

Why is maintaining a constant internal body temperature important for enzymes?

It helps enzymes work at their optimum rate, around 37°C for humans.

Homeostasis

3

What are the two hormones produced by the pancreas that regulate blood glucose levels?

Insulin and glucagon.

Homeostasis

4

What does insulin do to blood glucose levels?

Insulin lowers blood glucose concentration.

Homeostasis

5

What is the normal range for blood glucose concentration?

Between 0.8 and 1.1 mg per cm³ of blood.

Homeostasis

6

What is negative feedback in relation to homeostasis?

A system where deviations from a set point trigger responses that bring the level back to normal.

Homeostasis

7

What is type 1 diabetes?

A condition where the cells that secrete insulin in the pancreas die, usually developing in young children.

Homeostasis

8

How do people with type 1 diabetes typically manage their condition?

By regularly checking blood glucose levels, carefully managing diet, and injecting insulin.

Homeostasis

9

What is the function of the hypothalamus in temperature regulation?

It acts as a thermostat, detecting blood temperature and coordinating responses to maintain the set point.

Homeostasis

10

What is vasoconstriction and when does it occur?

Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels near the skin surface, occurring when body temperature needs to be increased.

Homeostasis

11

What is the purpose of shivering?

Shivering generates heat through rapid muscle contractions to increase body temperature.

Homeostasis

12

How does sweating help in temperature regulation?

Sweating cools the body as the water in sweat evaporates, taking heat from the skin.

Homeostasis

13

What is the role of the liver in glucose regulation?

The liver can store glucose as glycogen and break down glycogen to release glucose into the blood when needed.

Homeostasis

14

What is glucagon's effect on blood glucose levels?

Glucagon increases blood glucose concentration by causing the liver to break down glycogen into glucose.

Homeostasis

15

Why is it important to maintain a relatively constant glucose concentration in the blood?

To provide a steady supply of glucose for cell respiration and to prevent osmotic damage to cells.

Homeostasis

16

What is vasodilation and when does it occur?

Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels near the skin surface, occurring when body temperature needs to be decreased.

Homeostasis

17

How does the layer of fat under the skin help in temperature regulation?

It acts as insulation, helping to prevent heat loss from the body.

Homeostasis

18

What is the set point for human internal body temperature?

About 37°C.

Homeostasis

19

How do hair erector muscles contribute to temperature regulation?

They can make hairs stand up, trapping a layer of warm air next to the skin in hairy animals.

Homeostasis

20

What are two ways that people with diabetes can monitor their glucose levels?

By using a blood glucose sensor and by testing their urine for glucose using a dipstick.

Homeostasis

Sciences Revision - BIOLOGY